Nonpartisan election observation has become an almost universal global practice (Kelley 2012). By 2006, a total of 1,759 election events in 157 countries, or 80% of elections across the world, were observed by international organizations (Hyde 2011). Citizen observation activities were similarly widespread. Many of these observation missions were funded or supported by the government of the United … Continue reading “Transparency,” in Electoral Integrity in America: Securing Elections